02/Jul/2025
Inspiratory muscle training for chronic critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
einstein (São Paulo). 02/Jul/2025;23:eRW1134.
View Article02/Jul/2025
Inspiratory muscle training for chronic critically ill patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1134
ABSTRACT Objective To systematically review and analyze studies investigating the efficacy and safety of inspiratory muscle training in adult chronic critically ill patients. Methods The MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, LILACS, Clinical Trials Registry, and World Health Organization databases were queried on November 24, 2022 and January 22, 2025. The review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. RevMan V5.4 was used to analyze mean differences or standardized mean differences and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs) for continuous variables and risk ratios […]
Keywords: Breathing exercises; Chronic disease; Critical illness; Intubation, intratracheal; Muscle strength; Respiration artificial; Respiratory muscles; Tracheostomy
05/Jun/2025
Incidentally detected breast lesions: a pictorial essay of malignant and benign findings
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW0681
ABSTRACT Incidentalomas are lesions incidentally identified in patients undergoing imaging for unrelated reasons. Breast incidentalomas have a high correlation with malignancy, occurring in over 40% of cases. Consequently, their interpretation poses significant challenges for radiologists who must discern the findings that may present a potential risk to the patient. This pictorial review presents different incidental breast lesions revealed through cross-sectional imaging. We further review key concepts related to such incidentalomas.
Keywords: Breast neoplasms; Diagnostic imaging; Incidental findings; Incidentalomas; Positron emission tomography computed tomography; Tomography, x-ray computed
22/Apr/2025
Prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes: a scoping review
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1222
ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the prevalence of autoimmune diseases in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. Methods This scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) tool to ensure methodological rigor. We systematically searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Lilacs, and Web of Science databases to identify relevant literature published between 2018 and 2023. Results Twenty-four studies were included, mostly single-center studies from six continents, […]
Keywords: Addison disease; Autoimmune diseases; Celiac disease; Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Thyroiditis, autoimmune
22/Apr/2025
Perioperative management of adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery: a literature review
einstein (São Paulo). 22/Apr/2025;23:eRW1353.
View Article22/Apr/2025
Perioperative management of adult patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and valve surgery: a literature review
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1353
ABSTRACT Purpose of review Coronary artery bypass grafting, revascularization by percutaneous coronary intervention, and heart valve surgery are crucial therapeutic interventions for patients with various cardiovascular diseases. The objective of this literature review was to present the main evidence and practical aspects of the perioperative management of patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting and heart valve surgery. Recent findings Despite advancements in surgical and anesthetic techniques, coronary artery bypass grafting and heart valve surgery present significant risks for perioperative complications […]
Keywords: Anesthetics; Coronary artery bypass; Critical care; Heart failure; Heart valves; Monitoring, intraoperative; Percutaneous coronary intervention; Thoracic surgery
17/Mar/2025
Phacoviscocanalostomy versus phacotrabeculectomy to treat glaucoma associated with cataracts: a meta-analysis
einstein (São Paulo). 17/Mar/2025;23:eRW1045.
View Article17/Mar/2025
Phacoviscocanalostomy versus phacotrabeculectomy to treat glaucoma associated with cataracts: a meta-analysis
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1045
ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the effectiveness and safety of phacoviscocanalostomy and phacotrabeculectomy in treating combined glaucoma and cataracts. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted following the PRISMA guidelines. The PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, and Embase databases were searched for randomized controlled trials or observational studies comparing phacotrabeculectomy to phacoviscocanalostomy in patients with glaucoma and cataracts. Statistical analysis was used to compare the efficacy (intraocular pressure reduction, mean deviation of the visual field, and failure rates) and safety […]
Keywords: Cataract; Glaucoma; Phacoemulsification; Trabeculectomy; Viscocanalostomy
14/Mar/2025
How the COVID-19 pandemic affected routine child vaccination: an integrative review
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1119
ABSTRACT Background Child immunization plays a critical role in preventing numerous diseases. However, the COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems globally, including routine child vaccination programs. Objective To provide an overview of the reduction in vaccine coverage among infants and children during the pandemic and analyze the potential impacts of decreased child immunization during this period. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted using the MeSH terms “Child,” “Vaccination”, and “COVID-19,” along with their synonyms. Systematic reviews published between March […]
Keywords: Child; Child health; COVID-19; Immunization; Immunization schedule; Infant, Newborn; Pandemics; Vaccination; Vaccination coverage; Vaccines
14/Mar/2025
Spiritual care in the intensive care unit. Is it already a reality?: an integrative review
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1081
ABSTRACT Introduction Spirituality has emerged as a phenomenon of interest in various global contexts. The adoption of spirituality as a fundamental aspect of healthcare remains underexplored, especially in critical environments such as intensive care units. Objective To identify strategies for incorporating spiritual care into adult intensive care environments through an integrative literature review. Methods An integrative review was conducted using the Embase, Web of Science, Medline/PubMed, PsycINFO, LILACS, and Cochrane Central databases. Twenty-one studies published in English, Spanish, or Portuguese […]
Keywords: Critical care; Health personnel; Intensive care units; Professional competence; Spiritual therapies; Spirituality
10/Mar/2025
Cutaneous manifestations of diabetes mellitus: a narrative review
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1193
ABSTRACT Diabetes mellitus is a highly prevalent human endocrine disorder. Skin lesions are reported in approximately one-third of all diabetes mellitus patients. The clinical presentation and frequency vary according to the subtype of diabetes mellitus, metabolic control, and clinical course, with certain skin diseases occurring before diagnosing hyperglycemia. In this regard, the correct definition of cutaneous manifestations associated with diabetes mellitus can help define the etiology of hyperglycemia as well as the need to optimize glycemic control. In this narrative […]
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Diabetes mellitus, type 1; Diabetes mellitus, type 2; Diagnosis, differential; Skin diseases
26/Feb/2025
Tranexamic acid in the management of traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW0753
ABSTRACT Introduction Traumatic brain injury is a leading cause of death and disability. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent, holds the potential for managing intracranial hemorrhages secondary to traumatic brain injury. However, its efficacy and safety remain subjects of ongoing debate. Objective To better clarify the efficacy and safety of tranexamic acid in that context and to evaluate the need for further studies. Methods We conducted a comprehensive search of seven electronic databases, eight study repositories, and tertiary sources between January […]
Keywords: Antifibrinolytic agents; Brain injuries, traumatic; Central nervous system; Craniocerebral trauma; Tranexamic acid
17/Feb/2025
A narrative review of nosology and the concept of schizophrenia: criticism and proposal
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2025RW1131
ABSTRACT Schizophrenia diagnostics have evolved to adapt to clinical needs and scientific advances, and the current denominations emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century. Most problems arise while integrating clinical experiences, based on historical psychopathological descriptions, with emerging translational neuroscience research. This study aimed to evaluate the state-of-the-art critics of the current schizophrenia concept and their recommendations for new concepts. We performed a narrative review of the literature and searched for studies published in English in PubMed in the […]
Keywords: Psychiatric disorders; Psychopathology; Psychotic disorders; Schizophrenia
