Highlights ■ Law 12.732/12 had limited impact on breast cancertreatment access. ■ Persistent delays in breast cancer diagnosis & treatment in São Paulo, 2013-2024. ■ External oversight prioritizes compliance, not direct results evaluation. ■ Reorient oversight to induce greater managerial accountability. ABSTRACT Objective: This article analyzed the impact of Law No. 12,732/2012 on breast cancer care in São Paulo State (Brazil) between 2013 and 2024, as well as the role of external oversight. Methods: This qualitative-quantitative study used 58,892 records […]