Highlights ■ Oral swabs were collected at birth and analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction for T. pallidum DNA. ■ A high prevalence of enamel hypoplasia, Hutchinson-like incisors, and molar defects was observed at 6-10 years of age. ■ Molecular detection in oral samples suggests possible persistence of treponemal DNA or residual genetic material. ■ Integrating oral examinations into postnatal care programs may support long-term monitoring of children exposed to maternal syphilis. ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate oral manifestations and the […]