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This letter is designed to complement data published by Silva et al., ( ) presenting the results of plasma concentrations of patients who used piperacillin (PIP) in an empirical dose (ED) or dose adjusted (DA) by means of the software Optimum Dosing Strategies (ID-ODS). In addition, it describes some limiting aspects observed by the authors when using the software in the reality of a Brazilian hospital.
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Software for dose adjustment of antimicrobials. Implications for plasma concentrations and pratical limitations
AlvesGCS, SilvaSD, ChequerFMD, CastroWV, BaldoniAO, FarkasA, DarócziG, et al. Software for dose adjustment of antimicrobials. Implications for plasma concentrations and pratical limitations. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2020;18:eCE5858. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020CE5858
Alves,Geisa Cristina da Silva; Silva,Samuel Dutra da; Chequer,Farah Maria Drumond; Castro,Whocely Victor de; Baldoni,André Oliveira; Farkas,Andras; Daróczi,Gergely; Roberts,Jason Alexander; Sanches,Cristina. Software for dose adjustment of antimicrobials. Implications for plasma concentrations and pratical limitations. Einstein (Sao Paulo)., v. 18, eCE5858, Oct. 2020. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020CE5858
Alves,G.C.S., Silva,S.D. , Chequer,F.M.D., Castro,W.V. , Baldoni,A.O., Farkas,A., Daróczi,G., Roberts,J.A., & Sanches,C. (2020). Software for dose adjustment of antimicrobials. Implications for plasma concentrations and pratical limitations. Einstein (Sao Paulo).,18, eCE5858. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020CE5858
Alves,Geisa Cristina da Silva and Silva,Samuel Dutra da and Chequer,Farah Maria Drumond and Castro,Whocely Victor de and Baldoni,André Oliveira and Farkas,Andras and Daróczi,Gergely and Roberts,Jason Alexander and Sanches,Cristina. Software for dose adjustment of antimicrobials. Implications for plasma concentrations and pratical limitations. Einstein (Sao Paulo). [online]. 2020, vol. 18, [cited 2026-06-27], eCE5858. Available from: <https://journal.einstein.br/article/software-for-dose-adjustment-of-antimicrobials-implications-for-plasma-concentrations-and-pratical-limitations/>. ISSN 1679-4508. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2020CE5858
Figure 5
DNA triple helix (triplex) structures. A) Three-dimensional view of an intramolecular DNA triplex solved by solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (PDB ID: 1BCB). The structure was deposited by Asensio et al. (1998) and classified as DNA without mutations.(20) This triple helical arrangement illustrates the association of a third strand with the canonical duplex, stabilized by Hoogsteen interactions. B) Simplified schematic (adapted from Brazda et al., 2020; and Holder et al., 2015) illustrating the principle of triplex formation.(22,23) The canonical duplex is stabilized by Watson–Crick base pairs, while the third strand binds in the major groove via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. The chemical structure shown in green corresponds to adenine from the third strand, forming a representative T·A·T triad with a Watson–Crick A·T base pair. Such alternative base-pairing interactions enable an additional strand to associate with duplex DNA through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, generating a triple-helical structure capable of modulating essential processes such as replication and transcription
