ABSTRACT Thalidomide exerts immunomodulatory properties that may be used to treat various conditions. Although its effectiveness in treating Crohn’s disease in pediatric patients has been reported, its safety for off-label use is not well established. This study aimed to analyze the efficacy and safety of thalidomide in children and adolescents with inflammatory bowel disease, specifically Crohn’s and ulcerative colitis. A narrative review of clinical trials and observational studies published between January 2001 and May 2023 that investigated thalidomide use in […]

Highlights ■ This single-center study evaluated the frequency and factors associated with invasive ventilation in infants with acute viral bronchiolitis on a pediatric ward. ■ The study revealed an invasive ventilation rate of 6%, associated with age, presence of atelectasis, and Wood-Downes-Ferres score at admission. ■ Many interventions with poor scientific evidence were used. ■ This study highlights the need to implement clinical protocols for the management of acute viral bronchiolitis, including all levels of care, as these infants are […]

Highlights ■ Immersive virtual reality reduced heart rate, pain, agitation, and crying during pediatric venipuncture. ■ This technology effectively reduced pain during repeated invasive procedures, including catheter punctures. ■ The serious game strategy is low-cost, easy to implement, and well-suited for pediatric oncology care. ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the impact of a serious immersive virtual reality game on the physiological and behavioral aspects of pain during peripheral venous access or central catheter puncture in children and adolescents with cancer. Methods: […]

Highlights ■ Family presence improves communication and patient comfort during pediatric emergency room care. ■ Overall, 90.2% of companions stayed during care, despite 71% being unaware of the legislation. ■ Of the professionals, 96% allowed companions, with 87% citing comfort for patients. ■ This study supports creating clear protocols for family inclusion during emergencies. ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the perceptions of family companions and the professional team regarding the presence of a family member during emergency and urgent care at […]

ABSTRACT Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis is a distinctive subset of reactive infectious mucocutaneous eruption identified in 2015 to differentiate it from other mucocutaneous disorders such as Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme major, and toxic epidermal necrolysis. Although its pathophysiology is not completely understood, Mycoplasma-induced rash and mucositis is characterized by polyclonal B cell proliferation, production of antibodies against Mycoplasma pneumoniae, subsequent immune complex deposition, and keratinocyte apoptosis. Clinical manifestations include scattered cutaneous lesions and severe mucositis, which predominantly affect children and […]

Highlights ■ SARS-CoV-2 infection leads to mild-to-moderate disease in children with cystic fibrosis. ■ No worsening of cystic fibrosis was observed months after infection. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the clinical manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 in children and adolescents with cystic fibrosis. Methods: This was a case-control analysis of clinical variables and pulmonary function test results in 43 children with cystic fibrosis, 17 (39.5%) of whom tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. Results: The infected children exhibited a higher frequency of […]

Highlights ■ In patients who experienced extubation failure, the total ventilation time was twice as long as that of patients with successful extubation. ■ The incidence of extubation failure was 5.2%, which is relatively low compared to other studies. ■ The study revealed no significant association between the presence of pre-existing illnesses and extubation outcomes. ■ Results indicated that the primary cause of extubation failure was upper airway obstruction, accounting for 67% of cases requiring reintubation. ABSTRACT Objective: To compare […]

ABSTRACT Chryseobacterium indologenes is a Gram-negative aerobic bacillus commonly found in nosocomial environments, particularly in patients with prolonged hospital stays or those requiring long-term invasive devices. It primarily affects elderly and immunocompromised individuals. This microorganism is associated with multidrug resistance, which is a crucial factor in treatment decisions. Here, we report a case of C. indologenes infection in an infant following the ingestion of milk formula diluted with untreated water.

ABSTRACT Background Child immunization plays a critical role in preventing numerous diseases. However, the COVID-19) pandemic has profoundly disrupted healthcare systems globally, including routine child vaccination programs. Objective To provide an overview of the reduction in vaccine coverage among infants and children during the pandemic and analyze the potential impacts of decreased child immunization during this period. Methods A comprehensive search was conducted using the MeSH terms “Child,” “Vaccination”, and “COVID-19,” along with their synonyms. Systematic reviews published between March […]

ABSTRACT Food allergies are the leading cause of anaphylaxis in children. Cofactors, such as exercise and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, may influence the occurrence and severity of allergic reactions to food. However, despite their relevance, the underlying mechanisms of cofactor-enhanced food allergies remain poorly understood. We report the case of a 12-year-old girl with mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome who was referred to an allergy appointment due to suspected ibuprofen hypersensitivity. Detailed anamnesis, laboratory assessment, and negative drug challenge results excluded this […]