einstein (São Paulo). 06/Jun/2023;21:eAO0226.
Changes in the clinico-functional characteristics of stroke patients in the acute phase during the COVID-19 pandemic
Jordana de Paula , Iza de , Zaqueline Fernandes , Nathália Aparecida Gravito , Romeu Vale , Christina Danielli Coelho de Morais
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023AO0226
Highlights
■ The clinico-functional characteristics of post-stroke patients changed in the pandemic.
■ The sociodemographic characteristics of post-stroke patients did not change in the pandemic.
■ Post-stroke patients had a greater stroke severity and disability at the beginning of the pandemic.
■ The occurrence of ischemic stroke increased with the advancement of the pandemic.
ABSTRACT
Objective
To compare the sociodemographic and clinico-functional characteristics of patients admitted to a stroke unit immediately before and during two different COVID-19 pandemic phases.
Methods
This exploratory study was conducted in the stroke unit of a public hospital in Brazil. Patients consecutively admitted to a stroke unit for 18 months with primary stroke aged ≥20 years were included and divided into three groups: G1: Pre-pandemic; G2: Early pandemic; and G3: Late pandemic. The sociodemographic and clinico-functional characteristics of the groups were compared (α=0.05).
Results
The study included 383 individuals (G1=124; G2=151; G3=108). The number of risk factors (higher in G2; p≤0.001), smoking (more common in G2; p≤0.01), type of stroke (ischemic more common in G3; p=0.002), stroke severity (more severe in G2; p=0.02), and level of disability (more severe in G2: p≤0.01) were significantly different among the groups.
Conclusion
A greater number of serious events and risk factors including smoking and higher level of disability was observed in patients in the beginning of the pandemic than in the late phases. Only the occurrence of ischemic stroke increased in the late phase. Therefore, these individuals may have an increased need for rehabilitation services monitoring and care during their lifespan. Additionally, these results indicate that health promotion and prevention services should be strengthened for future health emergencies.
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Changes in the clinico-functional characteristics of stroke patients in the acute phase during the COVID-19 pandemic
Keywords: Stroke; SARS-CoV-2; COVID-19; Coronavirus infections; Pandemics; Public health; Health services
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