The journal einstein (São Paulo) – e-ISSN 2317-6385 is dedicated to dissemination of high-quality scientific content that advances our understanding of human disease with the goal of improving prevention, care, diagnostics and treatment of patients globally.
Cholera is a well-known disease, caused by the toxin of the bacterium Vibrio cholerae, and has resulted in severe problems to the health systems of African countries, over the years, even after more than 50 years after its resurgence, in 1970. Among the nearly 1.4 to 4.0 million cases, and 21,000 to 143,000 deaths per year worldwide, most of the burden occurs in African countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa.()
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Cholera amidst COVID-19 pandemic: African healthcare system in jeopardy
ÇavdaroğluS, AktarI, HasanMM, CostaACS, AborodeAT, AhmadS, EssarMY. Cholera amidst COVID-19 pandemic: African healthcare system in jeopardy. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2022;20:eCE6938. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022CE6938
Çavdaroğlu,Sude; Aktar,Irem; Hasan,Mohammad Mehedi; Costa,Ana Carla dos Santos; Aborode,Abdullahi Tunde; Ahmad,Shoaib; Essar,Mohammad Yasir. Cholera amidst COVID-19 pandemic: African healthcare system in jeopardy. Einstein (Sao Paulo)., v. 20, eCE6938, Apr. 2022. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022CE6938
Çavdaroğlu,S., Aktar,I., Hasan,M.M., Costa,A.C.S., Aborode,A.T., Ahmad,S., & Essar,M.Y. (2022). Cholera amidst COVID-19 pandemic: African healthcare system in jeopardy. Einstein (Sao Paulo).,20, eCE6938. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022CE6938
Çavdaroğlu,Sude and Aktar,Irem and Hasan,Mohammad Mehedi and Costa,Ana Carla dos Santos and Aborode,Abdullahi Tunde and Ahmad,Shoaib and Essar,Mohammad Yasir. Cholera amidst COVID-19 pandemic: African healthcare system in jeopardy. Einstein (Sao Paulo). [online]. 2022, vol. 20, [cited 2025-09-06], eCE6938. Available from: <https://journal.einstein.br/article/cholera-amidst-covid-19-pandemic-african-healthcare-system-in-jeopardy/>. ISSN 1679-4508. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2022CE6938
Figure 5
Risk of bias assessment of non-RCTs using the ROBINS-I tool
Non-RCT, nonrandomized controlled trial; ROBINS-I, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions