einstein (São Paulo). 03/Feb/2026;24:eCE2185.
Revisiting volemic assessment via telemedicine: connecting traditional clinical needs with modern technology
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2026CE2185
Dear Editor,
The widespread adoption of telemedicine has transformed healthcare delivery. However, the inability to perform hands-on physical examinations remains a significant limitation, particularly when accurate intravascular volume assessment is critical for conditions such as acute decompensated heart failure, sepsis, or renal failure.() Conventional clinical signs—including elevated jugular venous pressure, peripheral edema, hepatojugular reflux, or pulmonary rales—are either difficult to reproduce consistently or challenging to assess reliably through standard videoconferencing. Moreover, even at the bedside, their individual diagnostic utility is limited.()
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Revisiting volemic assessment via telemedicine: connecting traditional clinical needs with modern technology
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