The journal einstein (São Paulo) – e-ISSN 2317-6385 is dedicated to dissemination of high-quality scientific content that advances our understanding of human disease with the goal of improving prevention, care, diagnostics and treatment of patients globally.
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients may experience mental confusion, agitation, symptoms of depression, anxiety, and insomnia.(1) Several risk factors have been considered regarding neuropsychiatric complications of COVID-19, many of which are already known to be associated with other mental health problems.(2)
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Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19. Part II: neuropsychiatric disorders and final consideration
GiacaloneM, Tovani-PaloneMR, MarinL, FebbiM, RussanoT, GiacaloneA. Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19. Part II: neuropsychiatric disorders and final consideration. Einstein (Sao Paulo). 2021;19:eCE6464. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2021CE6464
Giacalone,Martina; Tovani-Palone,Marcos Roberto; Marin,Luca; Febbi,Massimiliano; Russano,Tommaso; Giacalone,Andrea. Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19. Part II: neuropsychiatric disorders and final consideration. Einstein (Sao Paulo)., v. 19, eCE6464, Oct. 2021. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2021CE6464
Giacalone,M., Tovani-Palone,M.R., Marin,L., Febbi,M., Russano,T., & Giacalone,A. (2021). Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19. Part II: neuropsychiatric disorders and final consideration. Einstein (Sao Paulo).,19, eCE6464. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2021CE6464
Giacalone,Martina and Tovani-Palone,Marcos Roberto and Marin,Luca and Febbi,Massimiliano and Russano,Tommaso and Giacalone,Andrea. Neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders associated with COVID-19. Part II: neuropsychiatric disorders and final consideration. Einstein (Sao Paulo). [online]. 2021, vol. 19, [cited 2025-09-06], eCE6464. Available from: <https://journal.einstein.br/article/neurological-and-neuropsychiatric-disorders-associated-with-covid-19-part-ii-neuropsychiatric-disorders-and-final-consideration/>. ISSN 1679-4508. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2021CE6464
Figure 5
Risk of bias assessment of non-RCTs using the ROBINS-I tool
Non-RCT, nonrandomized controlled trial; ROBINS-I, Risk of Bias in Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions
