einstein (São Paulo). 17/Jun/2020;18:eED5616.
Pharmacological treatment of female sexual dysfunction: a critical analysis of the placebo and nocebo effects
DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2020ED5616
Factors that influence the placebo and nocebo effects
These effects are influenced by external factors or environmental, in addition to internal or personal factors. The cascade of events that trigger the nocebo and placebo responses begins by internal commands and suggestions of the mind, and advances as the person develops these commands, which can transform into signs and symptoms of a disease.
The emotional status, personal and humor characteristics, cognition and personality of the individual, and female sex – which has a greater tendency towards the placebo effect as compared to males – among others, are crucial for the activation of these mechanisms and influence the genesis of the diseases and the response to treatment.() An example of this is the nocebo effect promoted by negative media information about a given medication with known beneficial action. In New Zealand, a negative advertisement on television about a drug known for its effectivity, such as levothyroxine, led to an increase in adverse events related to this medicine.()
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