A 13-year-old patient was referred for surgical treatment of scoliosis. Her neurological examination revealed the complete loss of horizontal eye movements with normal vertical gaze, suggesting diagnosis of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hypoplastic pons and medulla with a prominent midline cleft, therefore resulting in characteristic “butterfly” configuration.() The tractography showed absence of major crossing pathways within the pons and midbrain, and normal interhemispheric connections in the corpus callosum (). Surgical treatment for […]

A 13-year-old patient was referred for surgical treatment of scoliosis. Her neurological examination revealed the complete loss of horizontal eye movements with normal vertical gaze, suggesting diagnosis of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hypoplastic pons and medulla with a prominent midline cleft, therefore resulting in characteristic “butterfly” configuration.() The tractography showed absence of major crossing pathways within the pons and midbrain, and normal interhemispheric connections in the corpus callosum (). Surgical treatment for […]

A 13-year-old patient was referred for surgical treatment of scoliosis. Her neurological examination revealed the complete loss of horizontal eye movements with normal vertical gaze, suggesting diagnosis of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis. The magnetic resonance imaging revealed a hypoplastic pons and medulla with a prominent midline cleft, therefore resulting in characteristic “butterfly” configuration.() The tractography showed absence of major crossing pathways within the pons and midbrain, and normal interhemispheric connections in the corpus callosum (). Surgical treatment for […]

A full-term 1-day-old male newborn was admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit due to respiratory distress and cyanosis. The sepsis screen was negative and he was diagnosed as transient tachypnea of the newborn. He required supplemental oxygen for the following days and the sepsis screen was repeated and was negative. He remained in respiratory distress, particularly during feeding, and was referred to a pediatric cardiologist. On transthoracic echocardiography, the heart appeared to be structurally and functionally normal. However the […]

We report a case of a 56-year-old male under investigation for large lytic lesion at clivus. After lesion resection, patient was referred to abdominal computed tomography scan for metastasis screening. The lesion was posteriorly characterized as chondroid chordoma at histopathology examination. On non-enhanced computed tomography, multiple hypottenuating nodules of different sizes were seen; the largest nodule had 3.2cm. On post-contrast phases lesions had similar enhancement to adjacent liver parenchyma. However, no significant mass effect or invasiveness were seen, once vascular […]

This was 37-year-old woman, 10 days after surgery, who underwent breast prosthesis replacement, abdominoplasty and liposuction. Upon admission, she was hemodynamically stable, febrile and reported constant pain on left hemithorax region, but without dyspnea. An angio-CT of thoracic vessels was carried out. During intravenous injection of contrast agent, the patient was anxious and started crying during the exam. We believe that, a Valsalva maneuver was performed on inspiration apnea requested during the exam therefore causing an intrathoracic pressure that resulted […]

A 52-year-old asymptomatic patient underwent a follow-up endoscopy for Barrett’s esophagus. His exam showed a 1.5cm bulge in the gastric antrum (). The patient was referred for endoscopic ultrasound, which considered the lesion as a gastrointestinal stromal tumor (), but not a typical one, a computed tomography (CT) of the abdomen was, then, suggested. The CT revealed a heterogeneous lesion involving the gastric antrum and the left lateral segment of the liver (). The exploratory laparotomy revealed the lesion to […]

A 36-year-old woman with a sudden history of low back pain radiating into the right lower extremity. The physical examination revealed paraparesis, saddle anesthesia and urinary incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed lipoma of the filum terminale (hyperintense sign within the filum terminale) (). The patient underwent surgery without delay with intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring (), and she had a full recovery of all neurological deficits. […]

Rotatory instability is characterized by the rotation between two vertebral bodies, and it constitutes the most common cause of torticollis in children.(-) This prevalence occurs because of specific anatomic characteristics of childhood, such as disproportion between head-neck, underdeveloped cervical musculature, laxity of the joint capsule, ligament elasticity and horizontal shape of the articular facets between atlas and axis vertebrae.(-) This condition can occur due to inflammation/infection(,,) or trauma,(,,,) or because of neurogenic or idiopathic origin.() The diagnosis includes clinical and […]

Cholestasis occurs due to reduced synthesis of bile acids or the deficient (intra or extra-hepatic) excretion of biliary components (cholesterol, phospholipids, bile salts, bilirubin and proteins) to the small intestine. Newborns, especially preterm-born children, have a predisposition to neonatal cholestasis because of hepatic immaturity. This condition can generate systemic problems, such as choluria, acholia, hypercholesterolemia and hyperbilirubinemia.(,)It can also change the structural composition or thickness of the mineralized dental tissues, enamel and dentine, leading to intrinsic chromatic changes due to […]