Highlights ■ Sex plays a crucial role in behavioral assessments of preclinical study designs. ■ Circadian rhythm influences episodic memory performance in rodent behavior. ■ Spatial memory exhibits fewer variations than locomotion and episodic memory. ■ Sex and the circadian cycle are critical factors in behavioral assessment. ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of sex and time of day on behavioral parameters in healthy rats, focusing on locomotion, cognition, and memory (both spatial and episodic). Methods: Twenty-four […]