A revista einstein (São Paulo) - e-ISSN 2317-6385 é dedicada à divulgação de conteúdo científico de alta qualidade para o avanço da nossa compreensão das doenças humanas e com o objetivo de melhorar a prevenção, o cuidado, o diagnóstico e o tratamento de pacientes em todo o mundo.
Persistent challenges in robotic thoracic surgery training
Despite these advances, several challenges remain in the education of robotic thoracic surgery, which are particularly pronounced in emerging economies.
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The future of robotic thoracic surgery education: experience, challenges, and opportunities
TerraRM. The future of robotic thoracic surgery education: experience, challenges, and opportunities. einstein (Sao Paulo). 2025;23(Suppl 1):eEDS1. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025EDS1
Terra,Ricardo Mingarini. The future of robotic thoracic surgery education: experience, challenges, and opportunities. einstein (Sao Paulo)., v. 23, n. Suppl 1, eEDS1, jun. 2025. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025EDS1
Terra,R.M. (2025). The future of robotic thoracic surgery education: experience, challenges, and opportunities. einstein (Sao Paulo).,23(Suppl 1), eEDS1. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025EDS1
Terra,Ricardo Mingarini. The future of robotic thoracic surgery education: experience, challenges, and opportunities. einstein (Sao Paulo). [online]. 2025, vol. 23, n. Suppl 1, [cited 2026-06-27], eEDS1. Available from: <https://journal.einstein.br/pt-br/article/the-future-of-robotic-thoracic-surgery-education-experience-challenges-and-opportunities/>. ISSN 1679-4508. https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2025EDS1
Figure 5
DNA triple helix (triplex) structures. A) Three-dimensional view of an intramolecular DNA triplex solved by solution-state nuclear magnetic resonance (PDB ID: 1BCB). The structure was deposited by Asensio et al. (1998) and classified as DNA without mutations.(20) This triple helical arrangement illustrates the association of a third strand with the canonical duplex, stabilized by Hoogsteen interactions. B) Simplified schematic (adapted from Brazda et al., 2020; and Holder et al., 2015) illustrating the principle of triplex formation.(22,23) The canonical duplex is stabilized by Watson–Crick base pairs, while the third strand binds in the major groove via Hoogsteen hydrogen bonds. The chemical structure shown in green corresponds to adenine from the third strand, forming a representative T·A·T triad with a Watson–Crick A·T base pair. Such alternative base-pairing interactions enable an additional strand to associate with duplex DNA through Hoogsteen hydrogen bonding, generating a triple-helical structure capable of modulating essential processes such as replication and transcription
